Fund Structure

Capital Commitment

Commitment

The total amount an LP pledges to invest in a fund over its investment period.

Capital commitment is the total amount a limited partner agrees to invest in a private equity fund. This commitment is made at the fund's closing but is not invested all at once - instead, the GP "calls" capital as needed for investments.

Key aspects

  • Legally binding agreement
  • Typically called over 3-5 year investment period
  • May not be fully called (90-100% is typical)
  • Unfunded commitment represents remaining obligation

For LPs

  • Must maintain liquidity to meet capital calls
  • Commitment is an obligation, not an option
  • Failure to meet calls has serious consequences

Commitment period

  • Most funds have a 5-year investment period during which the GP can call committed capital for new investments.
Example

An LP with a $100M commitment to a fund that has called 60% has contributed $60M and has $40M in unfunded commitments.